 
 
 
 
 
   
The identifiers #gurmukhi and #endgurmukhi
can to be used to encode Gurmukh text in ITRANS.
 text in ITRANS.
Many of the conventions of the Gurmukh script have been hard-coded
into the pun.ifm file. Some of these are illustrated below:
 script have been hard-coded
into the pun.ifm file. Some of these are illustrated below:
 are not written
twice or with consonant conjuncts. Rather the first letter is dropped
and only the second letter is written. A diacritic called addak
is placed above the preceding letter, ie.
 are not written
twice or with consonant conjuncts. Rather the first letter is dropped
and only the second letter is written. A diacritic called addak
is placed above the preceding letter, ie.  hatth. As 
can be seen from the input transliteration, nothing special needs to be 
done to produce the addak in ITRANS; the IFM file is coded for 
geminate consonants. However, an addak may be explicitly
encoded as .c, ie.
   hatth. As 
can be seen from the input transliteration, nothing special needs to be 
done to produce the addak in ITRANS; the IFM file is coded for 
geminate consonants. However, an addak may be explicitly
encoded as .c, ie.  a.cdak. Geminate consonants 
of the form unaspirated-unaspirated (ie. kk) and 
unaspirated-aspirated (ie. kkh) are accounted for.
   a.cdak. Geminate consonants 
of the form unaspirated-unaspirated (ie. kk) and 
unaspirated-aspirated (ie. kkh) are accounted for.
When the geminate consonants are nn or mm, a sign called
 ipp
ipp is used instead of addak, ie. 
lamm
 is used instead of addak, ie. 
lamm 
    lammii.
   lammii.  ipp
ipp is one of the nasalization diacritics. Again the addak is
automatically produced by the IFM file.
 
is one of the nasalization diacritics. Again the addak is
automatically produced by the IFM file.
The following is a list of geminated consonants supported in this IFM file:
 
 is indicated by two 
diacritics called
 is indicated by two 
diacritics called  ipp
ipp and bi
 and bi d
d .
I have coded these as .n and .N, respectively. In doing
so I have redefined the character codes for anusv
.
I have coded these as .n and .N, respectively. In doing
so I have redefined the character codes for anusv ra and
candrabindu in pun.ifm.
ra and
candrabindu in pun.ifm.
 ipp
ipp is used with the vowels a, i, 
and u, and with
 is used with the vowels a, i, 
and u, and with  when it is in word-final 
position, ie.
 when it is in word-final 
position, ie.  mu.nDaa. Bi
   mu.nDaa. Bi d
d is used with all other vowels, ie.
 
is used with all other vowels, ie.  shaa.Nt.
   shaa.Nt.
A nasal and consonant when of the same class may either be encoded
with the nasal class code or with  ipp
ipp .n. For
example, a
 .n. For
example, a ga may either be encoded
ga may either be encoded  aN^ga 
or
   aN^ga 
or  a.nga. In either case, the IFM file will 
automatically handle and produce the correct output.
   a.nga. In either case, the IFM file will 
automatically handle and produce the correct output.
 and are much simpler than those of Devan
and are much simpler than those of Devan gar
gar . I have
completed some conjuncts, but I have still researching
for a comprehensive list. Once I have included these in the IFM
file then the file will be complete. The list of consonant
conjunctions coded in the IFM is as follows:
. I have
completed some conjuncts, but I have still researching
for a comprehensive list. Once I have included these in the IFM
file then the file will be complete. The list of consonant
conjunctions coded in the IFM is as follows:
 
There are five consonants in Old Pañj b
b which are actually 
conjunct consonants. These are the voiced aspirate (breathy voice) 
consonants given below. I have accounted for them in the IFM file.
 which are actually 
conjunct consonants. These are the voiced aspirate (breathy voice) 
consonants given below. I have accounted for them in the IFM file.
 
 for back vowels, a
 for back vowels, a  for low vowels,
and i
 for low vowels,
and i  for front vowels. I could not account
for these in the IFM file so they had to be accessed directly
through character codes from the pun font. The codes
are u, a, and i, respectively. Perhaps
Avinash Chopde could account for them if it is decided that
Gurmukh
 for front vowels. I could not account
for these in the IFM file so they had to be accessed directly
through character codes from the pun font. The codes
are u, a, and i, respectively. Perhaps
Avinash Chopde could account for them if it is decided that
Gurmukh will be made a part of ITRANS. Suggested 
input for the vowel-bearers are `a, `u, and 
`i.
 will be made a part of ITRANS. Suggested 
input for the vowel-bearers are `a, `u, and 
`i.
 tr
tr for
 for  au is sometimes not
written. A word like
   au is sometimes not
written. A word like  augaNu may be written
alternately as
   augaNu may be written
alternately as  a_ugaNu.
   a_ugaNu.
 
 
 
 
 
   
2001-07-17
ITRANS Home Page: http://www.aczone.com/itrans/